RG KAR MEDICAL COLLEGE’S FORMER PRINICIPAL SANDEEP GHOSH AND MAIN ACCUSED ‘SANJAY ROY’ UNDERGONE POLYGRAPH TEST: WHAT IS POLYGRAPH TEST?

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RG KAR MEDICAL COLLEGE’S FORMER PRINCIPAL SANDEEP GHOSH AND MAIN ACCUSED ‘SANJAY ROY’ UNDERGONE POLYGRAPH TEST:

Author 

Sidhant Malik, Advocate

Supreme Court of India

Mob:7011490440


WHAT IS POLYGRAPH TEST?

A polygraph test, also known as a lie detector test, is a method that monitors and records several physiological indicators, including blood pressure, heart rate, breathing patterns, and skin conductivity, while a person answers questions. The premise of a polygraph test is that lying triggers physiological changes that can be distinguished from those occurring when someone is truthful.

 

HOW POLYGRAPH TEST IS CONDUCTED?

1. Pre-Test Phase: The examiner outlines the procedure to the individual being tested, goes over the questions to be asked, and establishes a baseline for their physiological responses.

2. Data Collection Phase: During this stage, the subject is connected to the polygraph machine and responds to the set questions while the machine records their physiological reactions.

3. Analysis Phase: Once the test is completed, the examiner reviews the recorded physiological data to detect any significant changes that might indicate deception.

HOW ACCURATE IS THIS TEST?

Accuracy: There is significant debate regarding the reliability of polygraph tests. Some studies suggest they have an accuracy rate between 70% and 90%, while others argue they are unreliable due to factors like nervousness, medical conditions, or the ability of some individuals to control their physiological responses.

Controversy: Polygraph tests are not widely accepted as definitive evidence in legal cases. In many regions, polygraph results are not admissible in court because of concerns about their validity and reliability.

 

WHAT IS THE APPLICATIONS OF POLYGRAPH TESTS

1. Criminal Investigations: Used by police and investigative bodies to support investigations.

2. Employment Screening: Required for certain positions, particularly those related to national security.

3. Private Matters: Occasionally used in personal issues, such as resolving doubts in relationships or other private conflicts.

WHY THIS POLYGRAPH TEST IS IN NEWS?

The CBI (Central Bureau of Investigation), which is probing the brutal rape and murder case of a 31 year old trainee Doctor, had sought permission from Kolkata Court to put several persons including Sanjay Roy, who was working with the Kolkata Police as a civic volunteer  and former principal of the medical college to undertake Polygraph test.

Further, 4 other hospital staff namely Soumitra (intern doctor), Arka (intern doctor), Suvadeep (intern doctor) and Gulam (house staff Doctor) had also undergone the said test.

Sanjay Roy's test was scheduled to be conducted at the jail, while six other individuals are undergoing the test at the CBI office in Kolkata. Previously, a team of psychological and behavioral analysts from the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) in Delhi carried out the required tests on Roy.

  

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